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Also, recent mobile network technologies such as algorithms, decreasing energy consumption in mobile network, and fault tolerance in distributed mobile computing are the main concern of the first section.
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Abstract:In large-scale civil emergencies such as floods, earthquakes, and extreme weather conditions, extended geographic areas and a great number of people may be affected by the unfortunate events. The wireless internet and the widespread diffusion of smart-phones and mobile devices make it possible to introduce new systems for emergency management. These systems could improve the efficiency of the interventions by transferring information between affected areas and a central decision support system. Information on the state of the infrastructures, on people displacement, and on every other important and urgent issue can be gathered in the disaster area. The central system can manage all the received information and communicate decisions back to people and also facilitate the exchange of information for different people that are still in the disaster area. This paper presents a requirement analysis for these kinds of systems. The presented analysis allows better tailoring of the features of these systems with the aim to meet the real need of emergency management operators and citizens.Keywords: smartphone applications; ITS; cooperative web services; GIS; emergency management; mobile computing
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Aims and ScopeAs envisioned by Mark Weiser as early as 1991, pervasive computing systems and services have truly become integral to our daily lives. Tremendous advancements in a multitude of technologies ranging from personalized and embedded smart devices (e.g., smartphones, sensors, wearables, IoT) to ubiquitous connectivity through wireless mobile communications and cognitive networking infrastructures, to advanced computing techniques (including mobile edge/fog/cloud, data analytics and machine learning) and user-friendly middleware services and platforms have significantly contributed to the unprecedented advances in pervasive and mobile computing.Such cutting-edge pervasive technologies and paradigms have led to the convergence of cyber-physical-human systems with applications to smart environments (e.g., smart homes and cities, smart grid, smart transportation, smart health, smart agriculture) with the goal to improve human experience and quality of life without explicit awareness of the underlying communications and computing technologies. Additionally, the huge amount of (real-time) data collected via pervasive devices coupled with advanced data analytic, machine learning and AI (Artificial Intelligence) techniques for reliable prediction and decision-making are making breakthrough research in pervasive computing and applications, such as self-driving cars, predictive maintenance in the industry 4.0 environments, mobile recommendation systems, etc.
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Mobile cloud computing (MCC) is the method of using cloud technology to deliver mobile apps. Complex mobile apps today perform tasks such as authentication, location-aware functions, and providing targeted content and communication for end users. Hence, they require extensive computational resources such as data storage capacity, memory, and processing power. Mobile cloud computing takes the pressure off mobile devices by harnessing the power of cloud infrastructure. Developers build and update rich mobile apps using cloud services and then deploy them for remote access from any device. These cloud-based mobile apps use cloud technology to store and process data so that the app is usable on all types of old and new mobile devices.
Modern customers expect the convenience of accessing a company's website and applications remotely from anywhere and at any time. Organizations use mobile cloud computing applications to meet this expectation efficiently and cost-effectively. They run complex workloads on cloud resources so that users are not limited by their device capacity or operating system. Advantages of using mobile cloud computing include the following:
Many mobile commerce and banking apps use cloud computing technology to meet their mobile user demands efficiently. They store data in the cloud and limit user views to exactly what they need. For example, if you are shopping using the Amazon mobile application and you search for Outdoor shoes, the application will limit your view to the top three or four relevant results. As you scroll, it will load more results on your mobile device, thus protecting it from overload.
Healthcare workers require mobile healthcare solutions to manage patient care on the go. For example, they require instant notifications in case of medical emergencies, and access to hundreds of patient records and data. Health organizations can create mobile cloud computing applications for all types of workflows that employees can install and access from their mobile device of choice.
Mobile cloud computing works by seamlessly switching between resources in the cloud environment and on mobile devices to improve the experience of mobile users. Applications running on mobile devices send data requests over the internet to the cloud. Remote servers process the requests and return the appropriate response, which is then displayed to the mobile users.
The term distant immobile clouds refers to the virtual servers that cloud computing providers manage. For example, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances fall in this category. Developers write the application code and deploy the code to these virtual servers. The servers then process and respond to the mobile data requests.
Proximate immobile computing entities are backend server machines that are located geographically closer to your mobile users. They make MCC faster and overcome the challenges of network lag. For example, you can configure your Amazon EC2 instances to a specific AWS Region or location closer to your end users.
Some mobile cloud applications can access the unused computational resources of nearby mobile devices to improve their performance. Such mobile devices, smartphones, and wearables are called proximate mobile computing devices.
Application-specific MCC (ASMCC) solutions use mobile cloud computing to improve the performance of specific applications. These applications require more computational power and perform better with several functions running on the cloud. For example, email clients and video streaming applications run better on ASMCC.
The latest in mobile cloud computing is AWS Wavelength, which embeds AWS compute and storage services within 5G networks. This service provides mobile edge computing infrastructure for developing, deploying, and scaling ultra-low-latency applications. Using familiar AWS services, APIs, and tools, you can build next-generation applications much faster.